Gwynne Dyer: The Indonesian presidential election

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      Only a very bad novelist would dare to write a scenario as simplistic as the current presidential election in Indonesia. A young, attractive, squeaky-clean man of the people running against a rich old general trailing war crimes accusations behind him: can’t you come up with a plot a bit more original than that?

      Joko Widodo, universally known in Indonesia as Jokowi, is actually a good deal older than he looks: he’s 53. And former General Prabowo Subianto has never been found guilty of the war crimes and murders he is alleged to have committed: none of the generals who served the former dictator Suharto has been brought to trial. But the two men could hardly be more different, and Indonesia’s 190 million voters could hardly face a more striking choice.

      Suharto was overthrown by a non-violent popular revolution in 1998 after thirty years in power, and Indonesia has been a democracy ever since. But it has been a very corrupt democracy in which the old economic and military elites continued to dominate politics, and people from outside that charmed circle rarely rose to prominence. Then along came Jokowi.

      Joko Widodo, the son of a wood-seller, made his pile as an exporter of wooden furniture before being elected mayor of his native city of Surakarta in central Java in 2005. His simple lifestyle, his pragmatic, hands-on approach to the city’s many problems, and his sheer incorruptibility won him a national reputation, and he easily won election as governor of Jakarta, Indonesia’s huge, dysfunctional capital city, in 2012.

      With no other potentially electable reform candidate in view, Jokowi’s transition to national politics was practically inevitable, and by early this year he was the opposition candidate for the presidency. Not only that, but he was way out in front: three months ago he was predicted to win almost two-thirds of the votes. Indonesians have not been well served by their governments since the revolution, and the voters are fed up.

      The incumbent president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, could not run for a third term, and credible alternative candidates were not thick on the ground. In the end the conservative parties had to turn to Prabowo Subianto despite his troublesome history. It seemed like a lost cause – but three months is a long time in politics.

      Prabowo is a son of privilege. His father came from a wealthy family and served as a cabinet minister under both Indonesia’s founding dictator, Sukarno, and the brutal general who followed him, Suharto. Prabowo married Suharto’s daughter in 1983, and served as a special forces commander trying to eliminate resistance fighters in Indonesian-occupied East Timor and separatists in West Irian.

      In both conflicts he was accused of human rights abuses, but few Indonesians remember that now. The accusations that just won’t go away concern his role in kidnapping, torturing and murdering pro-democracy protesters during the non-violent campaign to oust Suharto in 1998. “It was my superiors who told me what to do,” Prabowo insisted in one of the presidential debates, but that is not much of a defence in law.

      Prabowo is also accused of inciting the anti-Chinese pogroms that swept Jakarta in the last days of Suharto’s rule in 1998. He was dismissed from the army shortly thereafter and went into exile in Jordan. He stayed abroad for a decade, but on his return to Indonesia he immediately went into politics. He failed to get elected as vice-president in 2009, but five years later he’s going for the top job—and he may actually get it.

      It helps that Prabowo’s campaign has virtually unlimited funds thanks to his brother, business tycoon Hashim Djojohadikusomo, who has amassed a fortune of $700 million. It helps too that the other business tycoons who control the Indonesian media, seeing him as their best chance to preserve the existing style of politics, are giving him wall-to-wall support.

      Despite his wealthy background, Prabowo is very good at pretending to be the champion of the poor. His political style is somewhere between Juan Peron and Benito Mussolini, belligerently anti-foreign and over-the-top dramatic: he has been known to arrive at rallies riding on a thoroughbred horse.

      “Our sources of wealth are controlled by foreign hands, foreign companies, so the wealth flows out from the country... Indonesia's wealth should be controlled by our country,” Prabowo said in the second presidential debate on June 15. He didn’t mention exactly who in the country should control the wealth (for obvious reasons), but the rhetoric works: on the eve of the election on Wednesday, he is neck-and-neck with Jokowi.

      It would be a great pity if such a man bluffed and blustered his way into the Indonesian presidency, but such things happen from time to time. As Abraham Lincoln would have said if he had been willing to disappoint the idealists: “You can fool all of the people some of the time, and you can fool some of the people all of the time, but you only have to fool 51 percent of the people for three months before the election and you’re home and dry for five years.”

      Comments

      1 Comments

      I Chandler

      Jul 8, 2014 at 4:26pm

      "Indonesians have not been well served by their governments since the revolution....Indonesia’s founding dictator, Sukarno..."

      Sukarno might have been a dictator - but it's hard to be democratic when your feet are held to the fire:

      “I think it’s time we held Sukarno’s feet to the fire,” said Frank Wisner, the CIA’s Deputy Director of Plans , covert operations - See CIA & Indonesia -: War and pornography:
      http://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/indonesia

      " and the voters are fed up."

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Indonesia